Ludwig Hans Fischer

 Ludwig Hans Fischer (2 March 1848 – 24 April 1915) was an Austrian landscape painter, copper engraver, etcher, and ethnologist renowned for his depictions of Oriental subjects, particularly African and Indian women in traditional attire.

Fischer studied painting under Eduard von Lichtenfels, engraving with Louis Jacoby, and etching with William Unger at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. Around 1875, he embarked on extensive travels through Italy, Spain, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Palestine, and India, producing numerous watercolours and sketches. He exhibited in Vienna in 1879 and later published sketchbooks documenting his travels in the Middle East, Palestine, Turkey, Jerusalem, and the Dead Sea.

His artistic contributions include nine large landscapes for the Vienna Museum of Natural History and the remarkable series "Historical Landscapes from Austria-Hungary." Fischer was a prolific illustrator for books and designed coins for the Numismatic Society of Vienna.

An active member of Vienna's art community, he founded the Watercolourists Club. Fischer authored several technical books on painting, including "Die Technik der Aquarellmalerei" and "Die Technik der Ölmalerei." He also wrote travel books and ethnographic works. His diverse body of work left a lasting impact on both the artistic and ethnographic fields.